<p>The LoDaisKa site is a prominent archaeological site in the USA state of Colorado, located within a rockshelter near Morrison. The rockshelter was first inhabited by people of the Archaic through the Middle Ceramic period, generally spanning 3000 BC to 1000 AD.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Located near the town of Morrison, off USA Route 285,</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Within the Denver basin, prehistoric cultural periods are traditionally identified as: Paleo-Indian, Archaic and Ceramic periods. Within the LoDaisKa site, five defined complexes were assigned from A to E by Cynthia C. Irwin (later Cynthia Irwin-Williams) and Henry Irwin, complex E being the oldest phase.</p><br>
<h3>Paleo-Indians</h3><br>
<p>The period immediately preceding the first humans coming into Colorado was the Ice Age Summer starting about 16,000 years ago. For the next five thousand years the landscape would change dramatically and most of the large animals would become extinct. Receding and melting glaciers created the Plum and Monument Creeks, the Castle Rock mesas and unburied the Rocky Mountains. Large mammals, such as the mastodon, mammoth, camels, giant sloths, cheetah, bison antiquus and horses roamed the land. There were a few Paleo-Indian cultures, distinctive by the size of the tools they used and the animals they hunted. People in the first, Clovis complex period, had large tools to hunt the megafauna animals of the early Paleo-Indian period. With time, the climate warmed again and lakes and savannas receded. The land became drier, food became less abundant, and as a result of the giant mammals became extinct. People adapted by hunting smaller mammals and gathering wild plants to supplement their diet. A new cultural complex was born, the Folsom tradition, with smaller projectile points to hunt smaller animals. Aside from hunting smaller mammals, people adapted by gathering wild plants to supplement their diet.</p><br>
<p>The earliest artifacts at the LoDaisKa rockshelter date from the Paleo-Indian period; the remains were from Complex E.</p><br>
<h3>Archaic periods</h3><br>
<p>People of the Archaic period (generally between 5500 and 1 BC) were hunters of small game, such as deer, antelope and rabbits, and gatherers of wild plants. The people moved seasonally to hunting and gathering sites. Late in the Archaic period, about AD 200–500, corn was introduced into the diet and pottery-making became an occupation for storing and caring food.</p><br>
<p>LoDaisKa site is considered to be a Mount Albion complex, which was an Early Archaic culture of the Plains from about 4050 to 3050 BC, particularly distinguished by their Mount Albion corner-notched projectile. Magic Mountain, in the western foothills near Denver, and Mount Albion were both similar or related to the Albion Boarding House phase. A report published in 1966 found no correlation between the complexes.</p><br>
<h3>Ceramic periods</h3><br>
<p>The Early Ceramic, or Woodland, period began in the Plains about AD 1 with the defining distinction of the creation of cordwrapped pottery, development of settlement areas, and use of smaller projectile points for bow and arrow technology. Artifacts found reveal into the Middle Ceramic period. Few Colorado rockshelters have been shown to have been inhabited for such a long period of time.</p><br>
<h3>Archaeology</h3><br>
<p>The LoDaisKa site artifacts include a hides, macrobotanical remains, wood artifacts, and a substantial collection of nonperishable artifacts from 3000 BC to AD 1000, which are classified into five site specific complex periods, from A through E.</p><br>
<h4>Artifacts by complex period</h4><br>
<p>Nelson also identified the general presence of seven lumps of red and yellow ochre stones, possibly the paint stones in Complex D. Stone cists used to store seeds were also mentioned, the time and culture is unknown.</p><br>
<p>In 1961, researchers reported the results of radiocarbon dating the site: they concluded that the earliest occupation of the site was around 3000 BC and that it was inhabited until at least AD 1000. As well, projectile points from LoDaisKa resemble and are contemporaneous with those found at such Great Plains sites such as the McKean site in Wyoming and Signal Butte in Nebraska; all these sites were inhabited during the time known in the eastern United States as the Woodland period.</p><br>
<h4>Excavation and studies</h4><br>
<h3>Historical significance</h3><br>
<p>Findings by the earliest archaeologists to investigate LoDaisKa were highly influential: regional archaeologists often interpreted their findings in accordance with what was known of LoDaisKa, and many other sites were excavated in part to answer questions that had resulted from research at LoDaisKa. In 2003, the LoDaisKa site (designated site ID 5JF142) was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of the importance of the archaeological evidence found there.</p><br>
<p>The Veterans Memorial Building is located on Mays Island in the middle of the Cedar River in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States. It is a contributing property to the May&#39;s Island Historic District that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The building served as the Cedar Rapids City Hall until it was damaged in the Flood of 2008. The Building underwent a ribbon-cutting ceremony to mark its official re-opening April 15, 2014.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A petition to construct a memorial building was filed with the City Clerk on March 4, 1925. Over 40 civic organizations were involved in planning for the structure. Voters passed a bond referendum and a Veterans Memorial Commission was formed. Construction was completed in 1927.</p><br>
<p>Plans were drawn and the building was placed on Mays Island. In order to make the building financially feasible, a new city hall was incorporated into the plans. Cedar Rapids, after Paris, Frances Hôtel de Ville on the Île de la Cité, and Osaka, Japan, would be only one of three cities to have its government located on an island. The building also contains a Memorial Window, Memorial Auditorium and a Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. The building was designed in the Beaux-Arts style. The main portion of the building contains four stories, with an eight-story section in the front. A cenotaph tops the eight-story section. The auditorium contains seven banners from veterans&#39; organizations, and seven American flags were suspended from the ceiling. A Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is located above the cenotaph.</p><br>
<p>The first addition to the building was a statue of the raising of the flag at Iwo Jima, which was placed on the front steps in 1960. It is a memorial to veterans of World War II and the Korean War. The Veterans Memorial Commission added a museum in 1966, which contains items from the American Revolution through the Vietnam War. The museum was dedicated as a memorial to the Spanish–American War. A granite monument memorializes those who served in the Vietnam War. In 2000 an eternal flame was lit on top of the building.</p><br>
<p>The buildings sustained damage as a result of the 2008 flood. As a result, the city government was forced to leave the building. In the aftermath the city decided to move the city offices to the former Federal Courthouse. The city was able to take possession of the building after it provided the land for a new courthouse downtown. The City Council began holding its meetings in the former courthouse on June 26, 2011, and the facility was opened for public use on June 4, 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Veterans Memorial Building now hosts and rents out its facilities for weddings, fundraisers, and other event rentals. The building is also home to various tenants and offers meeting spaces to many Veteran&#39;s organizations and clubs. http://cms.revize.com/revize/cedarrapids/local_government/departments_g_-_v/veterans_memorial_commission/vmb_rental_information.php</p><br>
<h2>Memorial window</h2><br>
<p>Regionalist artist Grant Wood, who grew up and lived in Cedar Rapids as an adult, was commissioned to design the memorial window. The window measures 24 by. It is the only stained glass window designed by Wood. It depicts a 16 ft Lady of Peace and Victory in the clouds. She wears a Grecian robe and a blue mourning veil and holds a palm branch for peace in one hand and a wreath for victory in the other. The artist&#39;s sister Nan was the model for the Lady of Peace and Victory. Across the bottom are six 6 ft tall soldiers representing the American Revolution, War of 1812, Mexican–American War, American Civil War, Spanish–American War, and World War I.</p><br>
<p>The window deteriorated somewhat over the years, and it was damaged in the 2008 flood. Glass Heritage of Davenport, Iowa restored the window for $150,000. It was re-dedicated on July 4, 2010.</p><br>
<p>The McLellan House is an historic house at 140 School Street in Gorham, Maine, USA. Built in 1773, it is the oldest known brick house in Cumberland County, and possibly the entire state. It is now part of the Gorham campus of the University of Southern Maine , housing the Center for Education Policy, Applied Research, and Evaluation . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The McLellan House stands north of Gorham center, on the west side of School Street. It is set back on a rise overlooking the street, at the northern edge of the USM campus. It is a -story brick structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof and a granite foundation. The front and right walls of the building are laid in Flemish bond, while the left and rear are laid in common bond. The gable ends are framed in wood and finished with clapboards. First-floor windows and the center entrance are set in segmented-arch openings, while second-floor windows are set in rectangular openings. The interior has been repeatedly altered, especially due to different uses by the university, but retains a few elements of original trim and styling.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1773 for Hugh and Elizabeth McLellan, who arrived in the area in 1740, and are counted among Gorham&#39;s earliest settlers. It is believed to be the first brick house built in Cumberland County, and is among the oldest surviving brick buildings in the state. It was acquired by Gorham State College (now the University of Southern Maine) in 1966 and converted to a dormitory. It has since been adapted for use as office space.</p><br>
<p>The Old Library Building was chartered by the Maysville and Mason County Library, Historic and Scientific Association in 1878 and built between 1878 and 1880. It is the last of four libraries established in Maysville, Kentucky in the nineteenth century. It was preceded by the Maysville Lyceum – chartered in 1839, the Maysville Athenaeum – 1840, and the Maysville Library - date unknown, but no longer in existence by 1859.</p><br>
<p>The brick structure is long and narrow, set perpendicular to the street. The original front of the building facing Sutton Street was a bare brick wall. In 1973, a new wing was added with windows matching the original side elevation with the insertion of plain double doors into the end bays.</p><br>
<p>Structurally, there are tall narrow brick piers between which the actual wall is recessed, but most of the wall consists of the apparent frames of the tall, narrow two-story windows, which seem to occupy most of the surface. The deepest windows have round arches at the top with prominent stone keystones. Circular windows, framed in wood, are inserted within the arch. Above the keystones and within the vertical panels are corbelled brick features with narrow slits that suggest machicolation. Apparently, there has never been an ornamental cornice.</p><br>
<p>The scale of the two-story windows is non-residential and the form suggests a mid-19th-century Italianate style often applied to semi-public buildings such as fire stations, banks, Masonic meeting halls, and libraries. The interior originally consisted of a single long hall with gallery above. It is now reached by a staircase at the far end that splits above a central landing to lead up to the gallery on either side. The gallery is supported turned columns above newel posts.</p><br>
<p>The John J. Michels House is a private house located at 1121 E. Houghton Avenue in Houghton, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1989 and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>John J. Michels</h2><br>
<p>John J. Michels was born in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, the son of Michel and Katherine (Misen) Michels. In 1880, the family moved to Houghton, where the elder Michels worked as a carpenter. John J. Michels attended school until he was 12, then began work in a furniture store. He worked in a mine and a stamping mill, and when he was 17 began carpentering at the Huron Mine. A few years later, he became a contractor and builder, and was responsible for a number of large public and commercial buildings in the area, including Douglas Public School, the Houghton Odd Fellows Hall, Houghton Presbyterian Church, the David Haas Block, St. Ignatius School, Houghton High School, Dollar Bay schools, the Houghton Public Library, the Houghton Flour Mill, the Copper Range Railroad depot at Painesdale, and the Isle Royale School in Portage Township. Michels was also a village trustee and a member of the Houghton County Road Commission.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The John Michels House is an asymmetrical, -story Queen Anne-style house with a gable and hipped roof. The exterior was originally lapsided with wood siding, but is now covered with cedar shingles. A gabled pediment and conical tower delineate the roofline, and the house is roofed in asphalt shingles. A circular porch wraps around the first story, supported by round wooden columns and accented with beaded spindle work.</p><br>
<p>The Iowa County Courthouse in Marengo, Iowa, United States, was built in 1893. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse is the fourth building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Iowa County’s first courthouse was a one-room building constructed in 1847. The county board of supervisors decided the building was not sufficient and they had another building built and it was completed in 1851. It became too small within ten years and a third courthouse was built for $2,000. The present Richardsonian influenced Romanesque Revival building was built for $57,608.16. The building is constructed of Berea Sandstone and features a 137 ft tower. It is capped with an octagonal top stage and a high, pointed roof. This type of treatment is not found in any other courthouse in Iowa. The Iowa County Courthouse was dedicated on December 20, 1893.</p><br>
<p>The Poweshiek County Courthouse in Montezuma, Iowa, United States, was built in 1859. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse is the second building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Poweshiek County&#39;s first courthouse was a two-story frame building constructed on the northeast corner of the town square in 1850. It served the community as a school, church, and meeting place as well as a courthouse. The courtroom was on the first floor and the county offices were located on the second floor. In time the building was remodeled as a house.</p><br>
<p>The present building was built for $1,928.15 in 1856. Drake & Dryden designed and built the Greek Revival structure, which is one of the oldest courthouses and one of few that are left in this architectural style in Iowa. An addition was made to the building in 1890 and major repair work was completed in 1933. Another addition on the south side of the building was completed in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse is a two-story structure composed of dark red brick. A large square brick tower on the main facade rises to a white octagonal bell tower with a white dome. The arched main entrance is located at the base of the tower. The building also features pedimented gable ends, a wide triglyph frieze, and pilasters whose caps crowd the tops of the second-story windows. The raised basement is composed of coarse stone. The significance of the courthouse is derived from its association with county government, and the political power and prestige of Montezuma as the county seat.</p><br>
<p>The Monroe County Courthouse in Albia, Iowa, United States, was built in 1903. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. In 1985 it was listed as a contributing property in the Albia Square and Central Commercial Historic District. The courthouse is the third building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Monroe County was originally called Kishkekosh County, and its first courthouse was a log structure built in 1846. It featured a half-story sized room above the courtroom for jury deliberations. It was torn down in 1860 and replaced by a Tudor Revival-style building in the town park. The new building was ordered by Judge James Hilt, who ran the county from 1851 to 1861. There was considerable opposition to the new courthouse, and a local newspaper said that Judge Hilton chose the worse of the two proposed designs for the building.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The exterior of the three-story structure is composed of buff-colored sandstone. Its architectural style is primarily derived from the Neoclassical, but the heavy rock-faced exterior is from the Richardsonian Romanesque style. All four elevations feature slightly projecting center pavilions that rise to a pediment above the roofline. On the north and south elevations, the pavilions are flanked by square towers that terminate with a decorative cap. A projecting cornice runs below the roofline. Above the main entrance is a large round-arch window flanked by Ionic columns. A square stone tower with clock and four small parapets rises from the center of the building. Its original spire has been removed. The significance of the courthouse is derived from its association with county government, and the political power and prestige of Albia as the county seat.</p><br>
<p>The Marion County Courthouse in Knoxville, Iowa, United States was built in 1896. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse is the third building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Marion County was organized in 1845 and its first courthouse was built a year later. It was a frame building that was constructed for $700. It also served the community as a school and a church. After 12 years the county sold the building for $928, and the second courthouse was built in 1857 for around $20,000. It stood in the center of the public square and housed county offices on the first floor and a courtroom on the second floor. The second courthouse was used for 40 years until it was declared unsafe to use. The present courthouse was designed by Mifflin E. Bell in the Romanesque Revival style. It was completed in 1896 at a cost of $80,000.</p><br>
<p>A monument that was "Erected to the memory of the soldiers, sailors and marines of all wars" was built on the northwest corner of the courthouse square and dedicated on November 11, 1920. The 25 ft granite shaft is capped with Union soldier from the Civil War. It is located where 40 soldiers enlisted under a tree on February 4, 1863. There is also a case in the courthouse that contains artifacts from the Civil War. There is another monument on the square to Knoxville resident Dixie Cornell Gebhardt, who designed the flag of the state of Iowa.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The three-story structure is a simplified version of the Richardsonian Romanesque style. The exterior is composed of sandstone. The central pavilion features corner turrets and patterned stonework. The main entrance is recessed in the pavilion behind triple bynian arches that are supported by granite columns. The building overall is capped with a gable roof, but the two end pavilions are capped with a hipped roof. Stone dormers line the edges of the roofline. The structure is surmounted by a large central tower with an open bell chamber, a four-faced clock, and an octagon shaped spire. One of the corner turrets on the tower doubles as a chimney stack.</p><br>
<p>The Mahaska County Courthouse in Oskaloosa, Iowa, United States, was built in 1886. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse is the second building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mahaska County&#39;s first courthouse was built during the winter of 1844–1845. It was a two-story frame structure that measured 28 by. It also served as a church and opera house. The county discontinued using the building in 1855 and rented office space in town to carry out the various county functions. It was rented out by the county until it was sold in 1867 for $3,800. The old courthouse was moved to a different location, and a bank was built on the old location. Concern over county records led to plans to build a new courthouse, but the county failed to pass a bond referendum and continued to rent office space. The present courthouse was built in the Romanesque Revival style on part of the Oskaloosa public park. It was built for $132,000 and was dedicated in 1886. It was designed by the Milwaukee architectural firm of H.C. Koch & Company, and built by the O.J. King Company.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse is a 3½-story red brick and stone structure. It is built on a rusticated stone foundation. The main facade has a large stone arch that surrounds the first story entrance. The central tower has a square clock tower with spires at the top. It was altered in 1934 and it now has an Art Deco effect, giving the building a rather odd appearance. It was originally taller with a pyramid-shaped roof. Stone beltcourses run along the building at the lintel and impost level. The roofline has gabled wall dormers with arched windows. The grounds feature a statue of Chief Mahaska, for whom the county is named.</p><br>
<p>The Jefferson County Courthouse located in Fairfield, Iowa, United States was built from 1890 to 1893. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse is the third building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Jefferson County&#39;s first courthouse was built in 1840. It was a two-story frame structure with a gabled roof. After its use as a courthouse, the building housed skilled craftsmen until it was destroyed in a fire in 1916. It was replaced by a 70 by structure that was built of brick in 1851. By 1875 the building was in poor condition and court sessions were held in Harmony Church. The courthouse was abandoned in 1880. A poor economy delayed the construction of a new courthouse with three successive failed bond referendums. A special election on November 20, 1890, authorized construction. The Romanesque Revival building was completed three years later at a cost of $73,630.87.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Jefferson County Courthouse is similar to the Montgomery County Courthouse in Red Oak, especially in its composition, facade treatment, and their clock towers. The Milwaukee architectural firm H.C. Koch is believed to have designed both. The exterior is constructed in Cleveland grey sandstone on the first level and brick on the rest. The interior features woodwork in native oak. The clock tower roof was removed in 1948, and it has been subsequently restored.</p><br>
<p>The Washington County Courthouse in Washington, Iowa, United States, was built in 1887. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. In 2013 it was included as a contributing property in the Washington Downtown Historic District. The courthouse is the third building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Washington County&#39;s first courthouse was an 28 by frame building built in the 1840s. It was used as a school house and church as well as a courthouse. The second courthouse was built in 1847. The county was not satisfied with the carpentry work performed so they deducted $50 from the cupola alone and $110 on the balance of the building. The present courthouse was built for $75,000 in 1887. It was designed by the Des Moines architectural firm of Foster & Liebbe, and built by Thomas Colwell and Hugh Colwell.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse for Washington County is considered an excellent example of Victorian Romanesque courthouses in Iowa. It features a variety of arch forms, and a three-stage clock tower. It was constructed of locally made bricks and was trimmed in stone. The bell in the clock tower is made of bronze, tin and brass. Statues representing Justice and Liberty are located on the lower level of the tower. The present main entrance was added at a later date. The south and west elevations both have projecting pavilions that terminate in gable ends. The significance of the courthouse is derived from its association with county government, and the political power and prestige of Washington as the county seat.</p><br>
<p>The Jacobsville Finnish Lutheran Church is a church located near Jacobsville, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1977 and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the late 19th century, a wave of Finnish immigrants settled in the Keweenaw Peninsula to work the mines and associated industries. Although the area that is now Jacobsville was first settled in the mid-19th century, the community proper did not coalesce until 1884, when the nearby red sandstone quarries were opened. Jacobsville was populated mostly by Finns, and by 1886, there were enough immigrants in the Jacobsville area that they organized a new congregation: the Jacobsville Finnish Lutheran church, part of the Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church of America. The first worship services were held in various locations; however, in 1888 the congregation built this simple frame church for their services. In 1891, the church was placed atop its stone foundation, and in 1892 a tower with bell was added to the front.</p><br>
<p>In 1952, the congregation joined the Gloria Dei Lutheran congregation of Hancock. The church itself continues to be used for services in the summer, and retains the original furnishings, kerosene lamps and wood stove. In 1975, the foundation was reinforced and the roof was reshingled; however, no other improvements to the original structure have been made. It has neither electricity nor plumbing.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Jacobsville Finnish Lutheran Church is a one-story frame structure built in a rectangular plan. A square belltower containing the main entrance projects from the front. The exterior is covered with wooden siding covers the walls and the gable roof is covered with cedar shingles. The building sits on an 1891 stone foundation. The interior if the church is simply decorated, and many original elements remain, including kerosine lamps and the heating stove. Outhouses are located at one end of the building.</p><br>
<p>The F Street Bridge in Salida, Colorado is a closed spandrel concrete arch bridge built in 1907 by the Pueblo Bridge Company. The design also known as a Luten Arch bridge was patented in 1907 by Daniel Luten. The bridge has two spans each with length of 60 ft, and 128 ft in total. It is believed to be the first bridge of this type built by the company.</p><br>
<p>It spans the Arkansas River in a park setting.</p><br>
<p>The Washington Mill Bridge is a road bridge crossing Lytle Creek near Bernard, Iowa that was built in 1877–78. It is a bowstring, through arch bridge, manufactured and built by the Massillon Bridge Company.</p><br>
<p>The bridge is significant for its engineering. Its span is 113 ft and it cost $2,589. As of 1994, the bridges setting was relatively unchanged since the bridges construction more than 100 years before.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Munger Terrace is an architecturally significant rowhouse in the Central Hillside neighborhood of Duluth, Minnesota, United States. It was designed by Oliver G. Traphagen and Francis W. Fitzpatrick and built from 1891 to 1892, originally containing eight luxury townhomes. Munger Terrace was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 for its local significance in the theme of architecture. It was nominated for being Duluth&#39;s finest example of Châteauesque architecture applied to an apartment building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building, in brick with brownstone trim, was constructed for Roger S. Munger, an important early Duluth entrepreneur, on a site next to his mansion. The residential units were rentals, Munger&#39;s only such project. The architects were Oliver G. Traphagen and Francis W. Fitzpatrick. The style of the building is sometimes described as Richardsonian Romanesque, sometimes as Châteauesque. The National Register of Historic Places lists it as Renaissance Revival. The townhouses were all different and had sixteen rooms, separate front and back stairs, central steam heat, running water on all floors, gas for cooking, and electric lighting. The site in the Central Hillside neighborhood below North 5th Street between North 4th and North 5th Avenues West was three blocks above the tower of the downtown post office, and gardens with fountains and a gazebo were laid out on the slope in front of the building.</p><br>
<p>The project&#39;s original name was Piedmont Terrace, but Piedmont Avenue below was renamed Mesabi Avenue and is now Mesaba Avenue; a different Duluth street is now called Piedmont Avenue. The current address of the building is 405 Mesaba Avenue.</p><br>
<p>One of the original tenants was the Benedictine Sisters, who rented the three westernmost units (6 through 8) and used two rooms on the second floor of unit 8 as a chapel. They started a school there that was a forerunner of the College of St. Scholastica. The nuns left after outgrowing the space.</p><br>
<p>Mungers mansion was demolished in 1955. Its carriage house, on 5th Street, has been retained as a caretakers house but its trim has been removed. In 1915 the townhouses were divided into apartments. In the 1970s Mesaba Avenue was widened and much of the land in front of the building lost; what is left is a lawn, and that part of 4th Avenue is now a step street. Munger Terrace was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 12, 1976. From 1978 to 1979 the building was extensively rehabilitated by the non-profit Town View Improvement Corporation, with new windows, skylights, roof, heating, utilities, and kitchen equipment and the addition of sprinklers. It remains a rental building.</p><br>
<p>The Quincy Smelter, also known as the Quincy Smelting Works, is a former copper smelter located on the north side of the Keweenaw Waterway in Ripley, Michigan. It is a contributing property of the Quincy Mining Company Historic District, a National Historic Landmark District. The smelter was built in 1898 by the Quincy Mining Company, operating from 1898 to 1931 and again from 1948 to 1971. The smelter was part of a Superfund site from 1986 to 2013.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Operational years</h3><br>
<p>The Quincy Mining Company incorporated in 1848. Like other mines in the area, Quincy had its own stamp mills, but did not produce enough copper to justify the investment of operating its own smelter. Before 1860, when the Lake Superior Smelter opened in Hancock, copper was shipped out to be smelted in cities such as Boston or Detroit.</p><br>
<p>By the late 1890s, the quantity of rock mined by Quincy justified the company building its own smelter. In May 1898, the Quincy Mining Company started construction of the Quincy Smelter on the stamp sands of the old Pewabic mill; The smelter was estimated to save the Quincy Mining Company approximately $100,000 per year.</p><br>
<p>Aside from processing copper from the Quincy Mine, the smelter also did business with the Franklin, Adventure, Allouez, and Centennial mines.</p><br>
<p>As a result of low copper prices and the onset of the Great Depression, the Quincy Mining Company ceased operations on September 22, 1931. The company boarded up facilities including the smelter. The mine itself remained closed from 1931 through 1936, until an increase in copper prices in 1937 prompted reopening the mine. Instead of reopening the Quincy Smelter, smelting was handled by Calumet and Hecla. Because prices remained elevated during World War II, in June 1942 Quincy built a reclamation plant on Torch Lake near its stamp mills to recover copper from the large volume of tailings in the lake. The reclamation plant began operating in November 1943, and made use of a floating dredge that vacuumed tailings from the lake. With the end of the war, copper prices again decreased and the mine ceased operations permanently on September 1, 1945. However, the reclamation project continued as it was very productive and less expensive than mining.</p><br>
<p>In June 1948, the Quincy Smelter reopened as Calumet and Hecla was no longer able to meet Quincy&#39;s needs. Reclamation was interrupted twice: in January 1956 from the loss of one dredge in a storm, and for ten months in 1958. After the loss of the first dredge, Quincy Dredge Number Two operated until the stamp sands were exhausted in 1967. Also in 1967, the last Copper Range mine, the Champion Mine, closed. In 1968, natural gas burners were installed on the number 5 furnace for melting scrap copper until 1971. In 1971, because of new environmental regulations from the state of Michigan, Quincy abandoned the smelter and transferred ownership to the Quincy Development Corporation.</p><br>
<h3>After closure</h3><br>
<p>In 1986, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) placed the Torch Lake Superfund site on the National Priorities List, with the Quincy Smelter included as an Area of Concern.</p><br>
<p>In 1999, Franklin Township acquired the smelter from the Quincy Development Corporation. QDC had planned to build condominiums on the site and the township built a water tank for the project. However, QDC pulled out, and the township was given the smelter in lieu of payment for the tank.</p><br>
<p>In 2004, the EPA took action to clean up and stabilize the smelter site. The agency removed laboratory chemicals and tested for asbestos. An 8 ft chain link fence was built around the site, and geotextile fabric and riprap were added to stabilize the shoreline. In 2008, all the remaining asbestos from the site was removed (from a total of twelve buildings). One smokestack at the smelter was also removed in 2008 as it had become hazardous.</p><br>
<p>Public tours of the smelter began as early as 2009. In the first years, tours could not go inside the smelter buildings because of contamination and structure instability.</p><br>
<p>As early as 2010, the National Park Service had plans to possibly move the mainland headquarters of Isle Royale National Park to the smelter site.</p><br>
<p>In September 2010, a fire destroyed the carpentry shop and damaged a wood storage lean-to on the site.</p><br>
<p>The Quincy Smelter was removed from the list of Superfund sites in 2013.</p><br>
<p>In 2014, Keweenaw National Historical Park Advisory Commission purchased the smelter from Franklin Township.</p><br>
<p>In late 2015, an ice house was demolished as it was affecting the pH of the surrounding groundwater.</p><br>
<p>In 2017, the National Park Service decided that it would not move the headquarters of Isle Royale National Park to the smelter site.</p><br>
<h3>Heritage designations</h3><br>
<p>The Quincy Smelter is the only remaining copper smelter in the United States from the early 20th century. It is described by the EPA as the "best preserved copper smelter" in the United States, and by the Keweenaw National Historical Park Advisory Commission as possibly the only remaining copper smelter in the world of its era.</p><br>
<p>On February 10, 1989, the Quincy Mining Company Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and was named a National Historic Landmark District. At the time of nomination, there were 25 contributing buildings and 15 non-contributing buildings in the historic district at the smelter site. The smelter is also within the boundaries of the Keweenaw National Historical Park.</p><br>
<p>In 2016, ASM International designated the Quincy Smelter as an ASM Historical Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities and layout</h2><br>
<p>The Quincy Smelter site juts out from the shoreline of the Keweenaw Waterway, built on stamp sands from the former Pewabic mill. The smelter has two docks, a 350 ft shipping wharf that was used for copper and a 250 ft wharf used for coal deliveries.</p><br>
<p>Most of the smelter buildings are built of Jacobsville Sandstone.</p><br>
<p>The Fremont Mill Bridge near Anamosa, Iowa was built in 1873. Its superstructure was designed and built by Massillon Iron Bridge Company and its foundations were built by James Milne. It is a wrought iron bowstring through arch bridge.</p><br>
<p>It originally spanned the Maquoketa River in Monticello City and was built to replace a bridge that had been destroyed by ice flow.</p><br>
<p>The bridge has been moved twice, first in 1930 to span Buffalo Creek, and again in 1986. As of 1994, it served to bring a pedestrian path over a small pond in Jones County&#39;s Central Park, in Jackson Township, Iowa, about 7 mi west of Anamosa.</p><br>
<p>The Fremont Mill Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Wapello County Courthouse in Ottumwa, Iowa, United States, was built in 1894. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse is the fourth building the county has used for court functions and county administration. It is part of the Central Park area, which includes: Ottumwa Public Library, Ottumwa City Hall, and St. Mary of the Visitation Catholic Church.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Wapello County&#39;s first courthouse was a single-story log cabin. It was replaced in 1846 by a two-story square frame structure that measured 24 by. It was built for $1,000. The first floor was used as a schoolhouse, church, courthouse, dancehall, and a place for political meetings. The second floor was used for office space. The building was sold to the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) in 1855 for their use. It was later sold to W.C. Grimes who used it to build wagons. The building was destroyed in a fire in 1872. It had been replaced by a brick structure that measured 60 by.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The present courthouse was constructed of rough-cut sandstone in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. It was designed by the Des Moines architectural firm of Foster & Liebbe, and C. Stanfford was the contractor who built it. The four-story building measures 101 by and a statue of Chief Wapello rests on a pedestal high above the main entrance. Until 1950 the building featured a clock tower and spire on the corner tower. It was removed for safety reasons. The massive round arch entry is mimicked in the floor above by the triple window with the arched opening in the center. The cluster of columns that flank the entrance are made of granite and the columns that are in between the windows above the entrance are smooth limestone. A foliated pattern appears above the granite columns. The cornice, just below the roofline, features small square-cut stone blocks called dentils.</p><br>
<p>The interior has been renovated over the course of years, but it does feature an ornate cast-iron staircase behind the elevator shaft. The newel post is a short, squat column with a foliated capital. The ironwork on the balustrade is a combination of linear and curvilinear forms. Colorful glazed tile floors are found above the first floor of the building. Various colors and designs are used in different parts of the building.</p><br>
<p>The wainscoting on the first floor is made of yellow and blue glazed tiles that were popular in the 1890s. In the rest of the building is composed of decorative wood panels. It features fluted pilasters and square panels with flowers. The doorways are deeply recessed and feature a transom above a multi-paneled door. The framing is milled woodwork that creates the effect of a fluted pilaster, as well as decorative corner and side blocks. The corner blocks feature a fleur-de-lis pattern and the side blocks feature various floral patterns. A simple cornice tops each doorway. The woodwork continues in the courtroom. Behind the judge&#39;s bench is a decorative panel that contains a classical urn with a vine and leaf pattern and the Latin phrase Fiat Justitia (Let there be Justice). Another panel is on the front of the bench and contains a female figure in the middle surrounded by foliage and two banners that repeat the Latin phrase.</p><br>
<p>Wales is a historic house and site in Dinwiddie County, Virginia. It was built in 1730 by Captain Howell Briggs of the Virginia Militia on a tract of land a few miles west of Petersburg, Virginia, in what was then Prince George County. Dinwiddie County was formed from Prince George in 1752. Briggs is said to have named his plantation "Wales" after the Prince of Wales.</p><br>
<p>Wales was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The area listed was 94 acre and includes four contributing buildings and two contributing structures.</p><br>
<p>The main house is a five-part Palladian architecture composition and is a Virginia Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>North Wales is a historic plantation and national historic district located in Fauquier County, Virginia near Warrenton, Virginia. Currently it is a 1,287.9 acre historic district that includes a manor home and farm. A date of significance for the site is 1776. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The listed area includes work by Little & Browne and other architects and/or builders. It includes Georgian and Colonial Revival architecture in 38 contributing buildings, eight contributing sites and contributing structures.</p><br>
<p>The estate on 1,471 acres was sold to former Goldman Sachs partner David B. Ford September 30, 2014 for $21 Million. Ford has acquired other historic properties including the noted record-breaking purchase of Newport, RI Gilded Age mansion Miramar by architect Horace Trumbauer, for $17.15 million in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Community Building, also known as Community Hall, Bolls Store, or Bolls Community Center, is a building in Princeton, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Community Building was partially constructed by Dr. John Knox as a three-story building as funds were made available to him. He planned for the building to house stores, offices, a ballroom, and a hospital. He never completed the building, however. He began construction in 1903 for a two-story structure before his local funding ran out. He was able to find investors in nearby Le Claire, Iowa and was able to complete a third floor and the roof before his funding ran out again. Knox could not secure any more funding for his project so the building&#39;s shell, without windows, sat empty while community leaders tried for 20 years to acquire and complete the project. The Community Building Company was formed in 1928, and they bought the structure and completed construction of the building for use by the local community. The Daniel Harring Company from Clinton, Iowa was hired to remodel the structure to make it two stories tall. When it was completed, the building featured a finished basement with a kitchen, two commercial storefronts, and an auditorium/hall with a stage on the second floor. So that the second story could have greater height, it incorporated the lower portion of the original third story. A community affair, which included a chicken dinner, speaker, carnival, and dance, opened the facility on November 22, 1928.</p><br>
<p>A variety of community functions were held in the Community Building as planned. Dances, plays, movies, and meetings were held in the hall on the second floor. The local Presbyterian and Lutheran churches held their chicken suppers in the basement. The International Order of Odd Fellows (I.O.O.F) held five shares in the Community Building Company. They, and their associated women&#39;s group the Rebekahs, held their regular meetings in the building. In February 1930 a local basketball team began to use the hall for a fee of $5 per game night and 40% of the proceeds over $7. The team installed the necessary equipment at their own expense. Use of the facility began to decline in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>Initially, the dining room and its equipment could be rented for $10, the hall on the second floor was rented on a regular night for $15, or $25 for holidays, and the first floor retail spaces could be rented per month for $20 each.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Community Building is a two-story, five bay brick structure that was built on a stone foundation. It is capped with a barrel vault roof. The building was designed in the Early Commercial architectural style. The main facade on the buildings east elevation features a distinctive arched parapet wall, with center and side crenellations. There were initially two entrances, one into each of the two storefronts, but the north entry was eliminated in 1963. By 1973 the brick wall on the second floor began to deteriorate so stucco was applied to secure the brick and the facade. The concrete handicap ramp with a brick veneer and a low metal rail was added when the city renovated the building. The south elevation is divided into six bays by brick pilasters. Originally, it had a wider entry door at the rear for entry into the basement level and the second-floor hall. What was a double-door entry has been reduced to a single door in subsequent years. A single-story, concrete block addition was built around 1963 onto the rear of the building for additional storage space for the Bolls Store. The addition features a gable roof.</p><br>
<p>The Wilson Pratt Truss Bridge is a Pratt Truss bridge over the Chapman creek near Chapman, Kansas that was built in 1904. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. It was built by the Canton Bridge Co. and is an excellent example of this type of bridge along with the nearby Chapman Creek Pratt Truss Bridge. The bridge spanning the creek is 90 ft long. It has a wood deck. There are two additional approach spans on either side of the bridge for a total length of 165 ft. Due to its location on a dirt road, it has been mostly left alone and does not carry much traffic. It is also denoted as 21-HT-1 and as KSHS Inventory # 041-0000-0169.</p><br>
<p>The Chapman Creek Pratt Truss Bridge is a Pratt truss bridge located near Chapman, Kansas. The bridge spans Chapman Creek, a branch of the Smoky Hill River, and carries a dirt road called Quail Road. It was built in 1905 by the Canton Bridge Company. The bridge was one of 800 Pratt truss bridges in Kansas as of 1998 and is considered "an excellent example" of one of the most common bridge types in the state.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. According to its National Register nomination, it is also known as 21-HT-02 or as 08583.00436.6.</p><br>
<p>The National Bridge Inventory has classified the bridge as "structurally deficient".</p><br>
<p>The John Kendrick House is located on West Main Street in Waterbury, Connecticut, United States. It is a brick Tuscan villa house in the Italianate architectural style built in the 1860s, one of the last remaining on Waterbury Green from that period, after which many of the older houses were replaced with commercial buildings. In 1982 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places individually, after having been included as a contributing property when the Downtown Waterbury Historic District was created a few years earlier.</p><br>
<p>It was built by Green Kendrick, an early industrialist, for his son John Kendrick, a lawyer who later served as a judge and a mayor of Waterbury. Unpublished papers on file at the Yale University Library, stylistic traits and other historical evidence suggest the house was the work of Henry Austin, although there is no definite proof. In the early 20th century Green&#39;s son donated it to the local historical society. It was later used to house the Mattatuck Museum in its early years, and is still owned by the museum although not currently in use.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The Kendrick House is on a small lot on the south side of West Main opposite Waterbury Green, the small park at the center of the city. It is midway between Church and Leavenworth streets. Across the Green are the main Mattatuck Museum building and the Elton Hotel. To the south are parking lots accessible from Kendrick Street. On either side are large commercial blocks that dwarf the house. The terrain is level and the neighborhood is an extensively developed urban core.</p><br>
<p>A much deeper setback than either of its neighbors provides the house with a front lawn behind a cast iron fence. The building itself is a square two-story three-bay structure of common-bond brick two courses thick on a foundation of granite ashlar with brownstone facing. It is topped by a gently hipped roof surfaced in standing-seam metal pierced by two brick chimneys at the center. A two-story service wing, added later, projects from the rear. It is largely sympathetic but has more restrained decoration.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>On the north (front) facade the centrally located main entrance is sheltered by an extensively ornamented wooden portico. A balustrade at the top creates a balcony accessible from a round-arched window the recessed section above it. All the other windows are single-pane double-hung sash windows.</p><br>
<p>Those on the bottom have small cast-iron balconies of their own with similar patterns to the front fence. Their brownstone sills are matched with pedimented lintels on consoles; the second-story side windows have the same sills but their lintels lack the pediment. The balcony door has a lintel that curves with the arch. Above it there is a pediment in the roofline, where broad wooden eaves are supported by large brackets with leaf carvings.</p><br>
<p>The entrance portico has square paired fluted Composite pilasters on high pedestals with egg-and-dart and rope-turn molding. Their capitals are more vegetative than is typical for the Composite order, with thick acanthus leaves at the volutes. Above each, foliate paired brackets support the roof.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>A small set of brownstone steps with a modern iron railing leads up to the portico. The plain entrance door has sidelights and a transom. It opens into a central hallway with carpeting over its interwoven oak and maple parquet floor and dropped ceilings with modern lighting. All the rooms have their original woodwork, including molded baseboards, door and window surrounds and cornice.</p><br>
<p>The east rooms were combined into a large gallery when the museum occupied the space. The lower hall and stairs have a flat-paneled dado, and the upstairs hallway has a dado of its own with floral and ornamental designs on the plaster. The library, upstairs, has a parquet floor more intricate than the other rooms.</p><br>
<p>The former museum office is the best-preserved room in the house. In addition to the same original woodwork s the other rooms, it has its original white marble mantel. Its design, referred to as "Grecian" in contemporary catalogs, has a complex-curved shelf supported by consoles over an arched firebox opening with a keyblock carved into the shape of a scallop shell.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Greene Kendrick, an early Waterbury brassmaker who later served in the state legislature, built the house in 1866 for his son John. At that time it was one of many grand houses on Waterbury Green, the two-acre (8,000 m) remnant of the original town common that was by then the center of a growing industrial city. John was unable to replicate his fathers success in business and so turned to the law, where he rose to serve as judge and eventually mayor of Waterbury. He lived well; upon his death in 1877 the estate lists rugs and mirrors valued at half the average annual salary of a worker in the citys factories.</p><br>
<p>The house has all the typical features of the Tuscan villa, an Italianate house type popular with wealthy Victorians embracing the Picturesque mode: a cubical form, nearly flat roof with wide overhanging eaves, and a three-bay facade with most of the decorative touches lavished on the main entrance. Another original detail, a belvedere at the center of the roof, was replaced when the roof was resurfaced. Following their Italian Renaissance models, decoration tended toward very free applications of classical touches, and the Kendrick House&#39;s portico is no exception. The square columns in particular do not follow classical proportions, and their plush capitals and leaf brackets further depart from more restrained classical originals.</p><br>
<p>There is no documentary record that identifies the architect. Several of the additional details—the cast iron balcony balustrades, brownstone trim and verticality created by the emphasis on the central bay—are typical of Henry Austin. Sketches found among Austin&#39;s papers after he died, now kept at the Yale University Library, show a very similar house with the same chimney and belvedere placement, but without the brackets and central pediment. They date to the 1840s, prior to the known date of construction, and Austin was known to have been active in Waterbury in the 1860s.</p><br>
<p>These details are not enough to positively associate the house with Austin, however. Other architects borrowed from his patterns, as he did from theirs. It is quite possible as well that the house is the work of R.W. Hill, a Waterbury native who had worked in Austin&#39;s New Haven office.</p><br>
<p>In 1911, Kendrick&#39;s son Greene Kendrick II sold the house to the Mattatuck Historical Society for use as a museum. By that time most of the other houses on the Green and neighboring streets had been demolished and replaced by the larger commercial blocks that dominate the area now. The historical society converted the house for museum use, merging all the east rooms into a large gallery for exhibits. It remained in the house until the construction of its current home across the Green in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Van Buren County Courthouse located in Keosauqua, Iowa, United States, was built in 1843. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. In 1845 the courthouse served as the location for a trial resulting in the first death penalty in Iowa history.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Van Buren County was established on December 7, 1836. The first meeting of the county court and officials was held the following spring in Farmington, Iowa. However, the Wisconsin territorial legislature—which Iowa was a part of until 1838—changed the county seat to the village of Rochester in December, 1837. Territorial Governor Henry Dodge vetoed the change so an election was held in 1838 to settle the matter. The voters chose Keosauqua, which was then required to supply $5,000 in materials and land for the construction of a county courthouse.</p><br>
<p>The Van Buren County commissioners accepted a bid of $6,500 from James Hall and John Fairman on May 30, 1840, for construction of the courthouse, with Sewall Kenny and Henry King named as building agents.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The finished Greek Revival-style building was one of the largest west of the Mississippi River for that time period. The framework of the courthouse was constructed of native oak from the area as well as locally manufactured brick for the exterior. Iron truss rods were installed in the building to provide further strength. The exterior walls are 22 in thick on the first floor and 18 in on the second floor. Locally harvested walnut completed most of the interior, trim, and two circular staircases. Originally the courthouse included a 10 ft square tower rising another 16 ft above the second floor however it was removed in the mid-1800s. The circular walnut staircases were also removed and replaced by the single one presently in use.</p><br>
<h3>The courthouse today</h3><br>
<p>Still in use, the Van Buren County courthouse received a major interior restoration over a two-year period between 1981 and 1983, improving safety while preserving much of the original look and feel. The exterior of the building was renovated in 1997 and included a ramp to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act. While still serving as an active courtroom, the building also features historical displays, photos of former judges, portraits, and maps. The county office building, located south of the courthouse, is also well over a century old having been constructed in 1896.</p><br>
<p>The Montgomery County Courthouse is located in Red Oak, Iowa, United States. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. The courthouse is the third building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Montgomery Countys first county seat was Frankfort and the courthouse there was a room in a log cabin. The dining room set of the cabins occupants was used for the furniture and the jury deliberated outside. It was replaced by a two-story building that was built for $1,000. The building measured 36 by. An election was held in 1863 that moved the county seat to Red Oak, but confusion of some sort ensued. The voters had to be canvassed so the decision could be confirmed, which was accomplished in June 1864. When the county seat was moved to Red Oak the courthouse was put on sleds and thirty yoke of oxen pulled it through a blizzard. Because of the storm&#39;s intensity, the team was moved off course and the oxen were unhitched, allowing the courthouse to "wander" on its own. It was located on a homestead northeast of Red Oak and guided to its new site on one of the town squares.</p><br>
<p>Several efforts to replace the old courthouse failed. After the decision to replace it passed, an Omaha contractor failed to satisfy the contract and left the building uncompleted with numerous unpaid bills. The courts ruled that the county was not liable for the contractor&#39;s debts, and the county acquired much of the construction materials without charge. The cornerstone for the present courthouse was laid on July 4, 1890, and construction was completed a year later. The Romanesque Revival style building was built at a cost of $100,000. The Milwaukee architectural firm H.C. Koch & Company designed the building, and it was built by Richard & Company.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The 3½-story structure was built on a raised basement. The lower levels are composed on rusticated limestone, while the upper levels are brick. The exterior of the building features an abundance of towers, turrets, finials, cresting, and a large polygonal bay. A cupola is located on the peak of the hip roof. The tall clock tower with its steeply peaked roof adds to the vericality of the building. It is considered one of the best Victorian Romanesque courthouses in Iowa. The significance of the courthouse is derived from its association with county government, and the political power and prestige of Red Oak as the county seat.</p><br>
<p>The ECS Bridge over Big Goose Creek was a bridge near Sheridan, Wyoming, that was built in 1914. It was a Pratt pony truss bridge built by the Canton Bridge Company of Canton, Ohio. The Canton Bridge Company built four steel bridges in Wyoming in 1914; when nominated to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, the ECS Bridge was the only one of these surviving in its original location. It was 50 ft long and 15 ft wide.</p><br>
<p>It was one of 171 Wyoming bridges surveyed in a study that led to the nomination of 31 of them for NRHP listing. The ECS bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Two other Canton Bridge Company bridges in Wyoming are also listed on the NRHP:</p><br>
<p>EDL Peloux Bridge, County Road CN16-40, in or near Buffalo, Wyoming and</p><br>
<p>EDZ Irigary Bridge, County Road CN16-254, in or near Sussex, Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>The Davis County Courthouse in Bloomfield, Iowa, United States was built in 1877. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The courthouse is the second building to house court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Davis County&#39;s first courthouse was a two-story log structure measuring 24 x and constructed for $339. Repairs were made to the building in 1846 and 1848. By 1851, the building was unusable and space for a courtroom was rented for $100 per year. The county started using a Methodist church for a courtroom in 1863. By 1869 the county was paying $300 a year in rent, but voters continuously voted down proposals to build a new courthouse. Finally, in 1875, voters authorized the construction of the present courthouse, but it was not to exceed $50,000.</p><br>
<p>The Second Empire structure was designed by the Fort Wayne, Indiana architectural firm T.J. Tolan & Sons. John Lane supervised construction and Larkworthy and Menke of Quincy, Illinois did the stonework. The Kimberly Bell Works of Troy, New York cast the bell, and the Seth Thomas Clock Company provided the four-faced clock. Both date from 1876. The building itself was completed in 1877. The old courthouse was purchased by D.C. Van Duyn for $50, and he moved it to his farm where it served as his house.</p><br>
<p>In addition to court functions and county administration, the courthouse has a served as a center for civic functions. Over the years it has hosted such events as band concerts, scrap metal drives during World War II, barbecues, and civic rallies.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Second Empire structure is an example of post-Civil War architecture known as "General Grant Gothic." It is surrounded by a</p><br>
<p>300 ft&sup2; landscaped park. The two-story building measures 97 x. Its 16 in brick walls are faced with Bedford stone. The building features a mansard roof, a cupola that serves as both a bell and clock tower, roof cresting, bracketed eaves, and Bedford stone-strimmed windows. The central tower is a wood structure that is topped by a statue of the goddess of Justice. It is visible from miles away, and it is the focal point for the community.</p><br>
<p>The John Smith House is an historic building located in Le Claire, Iowa, United States. The house has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1979.</p><br>
<h2>John Smith</h2><br>
<p>John Smith was a son of Ira Smith, who was one of the founders of Le Claire. After the Effie Afton struck the pier of the new railroad bridge between Davenport, Iowa and Rock Island, Illinois in 1856, Smith was hired by the railroad to prove that a steamboat could safely pass under the bridge if it is properly handled. Because the railroad was a competitor of the steamboat industry, river captains would not hire Smith as a river pilot until the 1860s. Along with the Van Sants, also of Le Claire, he developed the raftboat. It pushed the lumber rafts down to the river from the forests in the north to the mills further south. They also developed the bowboat, which was a small sternwheeler set crosswise at the front of the raft to provide additional control over the direction of movement.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The John Smith House is a small one story, brick structure built on a stone foundation. It follows a center hall plan. The facade is three bays wide and the side elevation is two bays. The main entrance is sheltered by a small porch with a flat-roof that is supported by slender wooden posts. The windows have flat stone lintels and sills. There is a wide wooden frieze that runs across the entire front facade and is beaded at the bottom. It is topped by a gable roof whose ridge parallels the front facade. A small, single-story frame addition was added to the east side.</p><br>
<p>The Eggleston School is former school and current private residential structure located at the 10539 Nolan Road in rural Nester Township in southeastern Roscommon County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan Historic Site on February 29, 1996, and soon after added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 4, 1996. It is the only property in Roscommon County listed on the National Register and one of only four county properties designated as a Michigan Historic Site — along with Gerrish Township Information Site, Pioneer House, and Turney House.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Eggleston School is located at the corner of Nolan Road and Muma Road in section 19 of the very sparsely populated Nester Township. This location was once the village of Nolan, founded in 1890 near the end of the lumber boom in northern Michigan. Nolan had a peak population of around 80 in 1905, In 1910, the Nester Township Unit School District No. 3 apparently came into possession of the one-acre property where this school now stands. The masonry structure now standing here was built in 1934 to serve as a schoolhouse for the few residents of the township. The school and its property were financed by the township&#39;s largest landowner, Mary Eggleston.</p><br>
<p>The Nestor Township District merged with the Houghton Lake Public Schools in 1959–60, and the school decommissioned. It served as a town hall until 1974, and then was used as a hunting lodge. In 1992, it was converted into a private residence. The few students in the area now attend Houghton Lake Community Schools about 20 miles (32 km) northwest in Houghton Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Eggleston School is a broad-fronted, hip-roof school building on a concrete-fieldstone foundation which originally contained two classrooms upstairs and an auditorium/gymnasium/cafeteria room downstairs, before it was converted to a single-family residence. The school is particularly notable for the finely crafted fieldstone exterior, containing blocks of various shapes, sizes, and hues. All of the walls, and in particular the facade of the entrance vestibule, have a mosaic-like quality due to the purposefully fitted stones. The school contains 33 double-hung, six-over-six windows, and the roof contains three eyebrow dormers and a pyramid-roof cupola. A projecting one-story gabled vestibule in the center of the facade contains a double-door entrance.</p><br>
<p>Inside, staircases lead up to the main level and down to the basement. When built, the school included two classrooms, two restrooms, a coatroom, and a library upstairs. The lower level contained a large open space was used as a gymnasium, auditorium, and cafeteria, as well as a kitchen, a mechanical room; and a small room used by the maintenance man as an apartment. The interior of the school has been refurbished into a private residence, but he upper floor retains the original floor plan, as well as all of the interior doors, woodwork and door hardware.</p><br>
<p>The school stands on five acres (2.3 ha) of land that also includes a small cemetery, which contains seven burials, only three of them in marked graves.</p><br>
<p>The Houghton County Courthouse is a government building located at 401 E. Houghton Street in Houghton, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1974 and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Houghton County, Michigan was first organized in 1845; at the time it covered the entire Keweenaw Peninsula, with Eagle River as the county seat. In 1861, the county was split in two, with the northern part of the Keweenaw, including Eagle River, forming Keweenaw County and the southern part remaining Houghton County. The cornerstone, with a miner&#39;s coat of arms, was laid on July 24, 1886, and the new courthouse was dedicated on July 28, 1887.</p><br>
<p>The section of the courthouse containing the jail was condemned in the 1960s, and an additional building to replace it was constructed nearby. and the building continues to house government offices.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Houghton County Courthouse is an asymmetrical -story brick-and-sandstone structure with a mansard roof, designed primarily in an interpretation of Second Empire style, but with elements of other styles included. Sweatt made use of local materials in his design of the courthouse, using red sandstone trim and a copper roof. The building also includes a four-story tower and a projecting pavilion. Most of the exterior is cream brick; contrasting red sandstone tops the windows. The interior of the courthouse was designed by Charles Eastlake of England, using heavy, elaborately decorated plaster and woodwork.</p><br>
<p>A modern five-story addition with parking deck is located at the southwest corner of the building.</p><br>
<p>The Keiter Mound  is a Native American mound in the southwestern part of the USA state of Ohio. Located north of the city of Wilmington, it sits on a wooded hill above the stream bottom of a small secondary creek, the Anderson Fork. About 5.5 ft tall at its highest point, the mound measures 58 ft from north to south and 65 ft from east to west.</p><br>
<p>Due to its location, the Keiter Mound is believed to be a work of Hopewellian peoples. Unlike many Hopewell sites, such as the Newark Earthworks or Mound City, the Keiter Mound is isolated: no other mounds and no large geometric earthworks are located nearby. As such, it is likely to have been created by small groups of transient hunters who camped in the valley below. This identification is based on the mound&#39;s location and comparison with similar mounds: as the mound has never been substantially excavated, it likely holds the same grave goods as it did when it was constructed thousands of years ago. The top is flat and slightly scarred, possibly from an early excavation, but for all practical purposes the mound is in pristine condition. For this reason, it is a significant archaeological site: it is an unusually well preserved example of isolate Hopewell construction and might be able to yield important information about the Hopewell way of life. In recognition of its archaeological significance, the Keiter Mound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Valentine Wilson House was a historic residence in Madison County, Ohio, United States. Located off Interstate 70 about 1 mi north of Summerford,</p><br>
<p>Born in Harpers Ferry, Virginia in 1785, he moved with his family to Kentucky in 1790 and to Ohio in 1802; they settled in Greene County, where he married the former Eleanor Judy in 1806. In 1816, the Wilson family moved to Madison County and purchased land along the trail that later became the National Road; here, Valentine quickly became a prosperous farmer. Besides tilling the soil, he engaged in industry, establishing the countys first brickyard. His excellent presence of mind and understanding of other mens intentions enabled him to build and preserve his wealth: upon one occasion, he was accosted by highwaymen while carrying $7,000 on his person, but he kept his money by calmly telling the robbers only of the small coin that he carried in his pocket. By the time of his death, he had expanded his farm from its original 160 acre to about 7,000 acre, and his personal property was worth another $60,000, including 1,000 sheep and cattle. He was by far the wealthiest man in Madison County at the time.</p><br>
<p>Wilson built his home in 1820 on the northern side of the future National Road. it was a two-part structure: the main portion of the house was a two-story brick hall-and-parlor design, while later additions were single-story structures that combined brick and wood. Into the late twentieth century, it remained little unchanged and retained the sense of an elaborate early nineteenth-century farmhouse far more strongly than many slightly later residences, which generally were erected with heavy vernacular influences.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, the Valentine Wilson House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Key to its inclusion was its well preserved architecture, which included such elements as fine original details. It was the first place in Madison County to be accorded this distinction, but designation as a historic site has not succeeded in ensuring its survival: the house has since been destroyed.</p><br>
<p>The Astral Apartments is an apartment building located at 184 Franklin Street in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, New York City. The Astral was built in 1885–1886 as affordable housing for employees of Charles Pratt&#39;s Astral Oil Works. It is a block-long brick and terra cotta building in the Queen Anne style. It features a central projecting section with a deep, three-story-high round arch recess. The roof features inward-looking decorative grotesques. Original amenities of the building included a settlement house, library, and kindergarten.</p><br>
<p>Originally, a branch of the Pratt Institute Free Library operated from the ground floor of the Astral.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed to echo red-brick apartments built for workers by George Peabody in London. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 and designated a New York City landmark in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The building is the fictional setting for Kate Christensen&#39;s 2011 novel The Astral: A Novel.</p><br>
<p>Renaissance Apartments is a historic apartment building located at Hancock Street and Nostrand Avenue in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, New York City. It was built in 1892 and is a five-story masonry building in the French Renaissance style. It features elaborately decorated principal facades and prominent circular corner towers with slate covered conical roofs. It has steeply sloped slate mansard roofs with terra cotta ridge caps and gabled roof dormers.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Lefferts-Laidlaw House is a historic villa located in the Wallabout neighborhood of Brooklyn in New York City, United States. Built around 1840, the house is a two-story frame building in the temple-fronted Greek Revival style.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house site was originally part of a 100 feet wide by 246 feet deep tract of land purchased in 1834 by Henry Ryer, a Manhattan merchant, from George Washington Pine. Ryer divided the property, located on the west side of Clinton Avenue (named in honor of New York Governor DeWitt Clinton.) into four 25 feet wide lots.</p><br>
<p>After a few sales and repurchases, the land was bought by Rem Lefferts, a Brooklyn merchant, and his brother-in-law John Laidlaw. The main portion of the house was built about 1840. and John Cozine (d. 1796), a New York attorney and judge of the New York State Supreme Court.</p><br>
<p>In November 1843, Lefferts sold the property to his sister, Sarah Lefferts Millard (1805-1849), and brother-in-law, A. Orville Millard (b. 1809). Millard was a native of Ulster County and moved to New York City in 1830 to study law, opening an office on Nassau Street in Manhattan. In 1849, Sarah Millard died following the birth of her sixth child. Millard owned the home until it was purchased by real estate investor Robert Bage in April 1854.</p><br>
<p>In September 2016, the house was listed for sale for $4,500,000. The house was unlisted and partially renovated before being privately sold in 2018 to a New York-based fashion designer.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is a two-story frame building in the temple-fronted Greek Revival style. It consists of a two-story central section with a one-story south elevation and two-story rear extension. The front facade features a gabled portico supported by four Corinthian fluted columns with an Ionic entablature and pediment.</p><br>
<p>Similar to many Greek Revival mansions of the period, the House originally had an elaborate entrance surround featuring an architrave, palmettes, and rosettes. The design was most likely inspired by Minard Lafevers Modern Builders Guide (published in 1833) and The Beauties of Modem Architecture (published in 1835). Vintage photographs reveal that the house built by Henry Ryer house next door (since demolished) had a nearly identical entrance and used the same column capitals, which leads historians to suggest that both houses were erected by the same builder or designed by the same architect.</p><br>
<p>During the 1940s or the 1950s, the period columns were removed and were replaced with square pillars. The building was refaced with asphalt shingles and a synthetic faux-brick siding and the southern end of the lot was transformed into a driveway shared with another home on Clinton Avenue. In the 1970s and 1980s, the home was bought and restored by Allen Handelman and Richard Arnow.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Union Avenue United Methodist Church was a historic church building in Memphis, Tennessee, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places under the name Union Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church, South. The building was located on a street corner at 2117 Union Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The building was no longer in use as a church when it was sold in February 2011 to CVS Pharmacy. The company paid $2.25 million for the church property and also paid $650,000 to buy an adjoining property from a different owner. Demolition of the structure began in March 2011.</p><br>
<p>Members of the family that sold the land for church use in 1912 attempted to block the sale to CVS on the basis of a restrictive covenant in the deed that required the property to be used as a "place of divine worship."</p><br>
<p>The John Rankin House at 440 Clinton Street at the corner of Carroll Street in the Carroll Gardens neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City was built in the Greek Revival style in 1840, at which time it stood by itself, surrounded by farmland and overlooking Upper New York Bay.</p><br>
<p>Rankin was a merchant, and the mansion, one of the finest Greek Revival houses in the city, was one of the largest residences in Brooklyn in the 1840s. It is a three-story, square brick building on a stone foundation. The interior features a massive mahogany stairway with paneled wainscotting.</p><br>
<p>It was designated a New York City landmark in 1970, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. Currently it is the F. G. Guido Funeral Home.</p><br>
<p>Stoothoff–Baxter–Kouwenhaven House is a historic home located in Flatlands, Brooklyn, New York City. It is currently located at 1640 East 48th Street in Brooklyn.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original section was built in 1747 and the larger main portion dates to 1811. A kitchen wing was added in 1880. It is one and one half stories with steeply pitched gable roofs, curved projecting eaves, and end chimneys. The main entrance features a Dutch door. It was relocated in approximately 1900 to align with the new street grid.</p><br>
<p>One source states that the house "has actually been moved twice, probably by horse-drawn wagons. John Baxter describes the 1811 move in his diary".</p><br>
<p>The house was designated as a New York City Landmark in 1976, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Residents</h2><br>
<p>The house is named after a series of families who lived in it, from the time of its construction up until the 1920s. Its initial construction is believed to have been completed by an ancestor of Garret Stoothoff. The addition in 1811 was constructed by John Baxter, who married Garret Stoothoffs daughter and inherited the home in 1796. Baxters ghost is rumoured to haunt the house. William Kouwenhoven married Abigail Baxter, daughter of John, and the house passed into that family&#39;s name.</p><br>
<p>Joost Van Nuyse House, also known as the Ditmas Coe House, is a historic home located in Flatlands, Brooklyn, New York, New York. The original section was built in 1744 and enlarged between 1793 and 1806. It was moved to its present site in 1925. It is a -story frame house with a steeply pitched flared roof.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>A report in 2020 added that this structure, now a private residence, is an "example of the Dutch Colonial farmhouse, and it is sometimes called the Ditmas Coe House or the Van Nuyse-Coe house, named after both the man suspected to have built the dwelling, Joost Van Nuyse, and Ditmas Coe, who rented the home in 1852".</p><br>
<p>William B. Cronyn House, also known as the House at 271 Ninth Street, is a historic home in Park Slope, Brooklyn, New York City. It was built in 1856 and is a three-story Second Empire style dwelling with a slate covered mansard roof. The roof has ornamental iron cresting and a central half-story cupola with clerestory.</p><br>
<p>In 1888, Charles M. Higgins (1854-1929) acquired the building to use as the Higgins American India Ink factory, and in 1899, added an extension to the factory at 240 Eighth Street.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Wilson–Finlay House also known as the Joshua Wilson House and the Finlay House, is a historic plantation house in Gainestown, Alabama, United States. It was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on September 17, 1976. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 12, 1978, due to its architectural significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built circa 1846 for Dr. Joshua Sanford Wilson by Isaac Fuller from Maine. Wilson, born in 1792 in Halifax County, North Carolina, was a physician, planter, and politician. His father, the Reverend Joshua Wilson, settled in Gainestown around 1817. He was a Revolutionary War veteran and Methodist minister.</p><br>
<p>As of 2011, the house is owned by the Louis M. Finlay Jr. family. They also maintain the Gainestown Schoolhouse, another National Register-listed property, on the grounds for use as a guest cottage.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-story Greek Revival-style house is wood-frame with limestone ashlar foundations and front columns, an unusual feature in Alabama. The limestone, with visible marine fossils present, was quarried locally, at the Gainestown Quarry on the Alabama River. The house is rectangular in form and utilizes a central hall-type plan. A central two-tiered Doric portico fronts the structure. A louvered fanlight is centered in the pediment above the portico.</p><br>
<p>The Gainestown Schoolhouse is a historic school building on Clarke County Road 29 in Gainestown, Alabama, United States. It was built in 1919 as a one-room schoolhouse and now serves as a guesthouse for the Wilson-Finlay House across the road. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 1, 1992, due to its architectural significance.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The form is like that of most late 19th-century school buildings in Alabama, namely a one-story frame, rectangular-shaped building with a front gabled roof. A single entrance is found on the gabled front and a row of windows on each side elevation.</p><br>
<p>The building was expanded to two rooms in 1930, with the addition of a western side-wing. The large gabled wing turned the schoolhouse into a T-shaped building.</p><br>
<p>The McNeel Mill is located just south of the intersection of route 219 and route 39 and route 55 in Mill Point, Pocahontas County, West Virginia . The mill was completed in 1868 by Isaac McNeel and was in operation until 1947. The three-story wood-frame mill operated with a 21 ft diameter metal mill wheel.</p><br>
<p>The present mill is the most recent of a series of mills that have stood on the site since 1778.</p><br>
<p>Recently the Pocahontas County Historical Society, The Pocahontas County Historic Landmarks Commission, West Virginia Division of Culture and History, The West Virginia State Historic Preservation Office, The Snowshoe Foundation and private individuals have made donations in order to preserve the current building and return it to working order for demonstration purposes.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 8, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Hillside Haven Mound (designated 33-Cn-14</p><br>
<p>During a test excavation of the mound and its immediate vicinity, archaeologists from Wilmington College found pieces of Adena pottery around the mound. Judging by findings from other Adena mound sites, the Hillside Haven Mound is believed to be a burial mound built over the body of a leading member of Adena society. Excavations of typical Adena mounds have demonstrated that the Adena culture typically built small log houses around the bodies of their dead leaders, ceremonially burned the houses, and heaped up mounds over the ruins of the houses. Although no detailed excavation has been conducted at Hillside Haven, all evidence found around points to the conclusion that it is a typical Adena mound, with both ceremonial and functional items within.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, the Hillside Haven Mound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its value as an archaeological site. As one of the last remaining Native American mounds in Clinton County, it is a rare survivor of Native American prehistory in the region, and its unusually good state of preservation only increases its significance. Contributing to its near-perfect condition is its location along a trail at a campground, which was formerly known as Hillside Haven.</p><br>
<p>Four other Clinton County archaeological sites are listed on the Register: the Hurley and Keiter Mounds, the Cowan Creek Circular Enclosure, and the Beam Farm Woodland Archaeological District.</p><br>
<p>Brammer Grocery Store is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It features a plain façade, a diamond-shaped light in the gable, and keystones over the second floor windows. John Brammer opened Brammer and Son, a grocery store, in this building in 1885. He joined with Louis Ott in 1895 and they added hardware and paint to their offerings. The store was renamed Brammer and Ott. The building has subsequently housed other business ventures over the years.</p><br>
<p>Building at 813–815 W. Second Street is a historic building located near downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is significant for its vaguely Neoclassical cast concrete facade, now hidden by metal siding, which is a unique feature in the city. In 2012, after the building had been empty for a few years, it was bought and converted into a convenience store and a bar.</p><br>
<p>The Ferdinand Ewert Building was a historic row house located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was a Vernacular style building that featured elements of both the Federal and Greek Revival styles. This combination was one of the architectural trends toward the end of Davenport&#39;s settlement period. It followed a simple form with frontal symmetry and parapet gable ends. This house was probably built by Gottlieb Wedige right after this section of the city was platted in 1852. Ferdinand Ewert, a teamster who lived across the street, bought it in 1871. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, and has subsequently been torn down.</p><br>
<p>Koch Drug Store is a historic building located in the central part of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It is a Victorian style commercial building that was built in 1881. The structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Francis J. Koch operated a pharmacy in this building beginning in 1881 and continued here for over a decade. Koch lived in the residential space upstairs. A pharmacy continued in occupation of the building until the 1920s, after which a variety of businesses were located there. After being vacant for at least five years, a bakery opened in 2014.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-story commercial and residential building occupies a corner lot on a main thoroughfare that leads to Davenport&#39;s Central Business District. It takes advantage of its location with two public façades and a chamfered corner, which is a common feature for corner commercial buildings in Davenport and across Iowa. The building also features a low hipped roof and dormers. The decorative elements are found in the pilasters and brick corbelling between floors at the corner and the west façade and at the cornice level. The storefront has been altered several times and has now been filled in.</p><br>
